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(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet l.

D. W. PARKER.

LAMP.

Nb. 401,583. PatentedApr. 16, 1889.,

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.D. W; PARKER. 3 Sheets sheet 2.

LAMP.

No. 401.583. Patented Apr. 16, 1889 'nveniv 49m Mgm J d7 )rlu/y;

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D. W. PARKER. 3 Sheets Sheet 3.

LAMP.

Patented Apr. 16, 1889.,

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DEXTER \V. PARKER, OF MERIDEN,

PATENT rricn.

CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE CHARLES PARKERCOMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters ."Patent 1T0. 401,583, dated April 16, 1889.

Application filed April 24, 1888.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DEXTER W. PARKER, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Lamps; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this application.

My invention relates to that kind of lamp in which a tubular flame is produced, and that is generally known as an Argandburner lamp; and it consists in certain novel features of construction, which will be found hereinafter fully described, and which are made the subject of the claims of this specification.

To enable those skilled in the art to which my invention relates to understand and practice it, I will now proceed to more fully describe the latter, referring by letters to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, and in which I have shown an Argand-burner lamp embodying theseveral features of my said invention carried out in those forms in which I have so far successfully practiced the said features of improvement, though some or all of them might be carried into effect under modifications of what I have herein shown and described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an Argand-burner kerosene-lamp made according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same, taken at the line a: a of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective of the combined perforated air-distributer and flamespreader detached, and Fig. at is a detail horizontal section at the line 3/ y of Fig. 2.

In the several figures the same part will be found everywhere designated by the same letter of reference, and wherever any arrows occur they indicate the directions of move ment of the air currents or jets which are supplied to produce the proper combustion in the flame of the burner.

A is the reservoir or oil-receptacle, made, in the case shown, of sheet metal and formed or provided with. a suitable foot or base, L, having perforations Z therein of sufficient capacity to afford an ample supply of air to Serial No. 271,712. (No model.)

constitute the interior air-draftof the Argand burner. This reservoir or fount A is formed or provided (in. about the usual manner) with an inner air-supplying wick-tube, D, which tube is formed with an annular or circumferential inwardly-projecting bead at N, the function and effect of which will be presently explained; and the said reservoir A also has the usual hole and screw-stopper at M for the purpose of feeding or supplying it with oil, and another smaller aperture, preferably provided with a short tubular guideway, f, as shown, (see Fig. 2,) for the accommodation of the vertical rod or hand-piece of a wickraiser, F.

Arranged telescopically within the upper central opening of the reservoir is the lower end or portion of a cylindrical device, which is formed with an annular bead at a, that rests (or is seated) on the upper edge of the part b of said reservoir, and which is foraminous at e, and the upper end of which is provided with an ordinary chimney-gallery, g. This cylindrical device is also provided with the usual outer wicletube, h, the upper end of which lies in the same plane with the upper end of the inner wicletube, D, all as clearly shown.

m is a perforated cylinder arranged to fit easily within the foraminous portion e of the cylindrical device before mentioned, and said cylinder 'm has its perforations so arranged and of such size that by the turning slightly of said cylinder on its imaginary axis its with. those of the perforated portion e of the device, within which said adjustable cylinder the lamp is burning, and is raised and lowered,for the usual purposes, by means which I will now describe.

E is a short metallic tube, which has formed in it one or more (preferably three) inwardlyspringing tongues, H, each of which may be formed with engaging-points, as at 0, to stick into the wick G,-if it be found expedient to so construct them.

0 is a foraminous thimble or a perforated air-distributer that is removably but not adjustably combined with the upper portion of the inner wick-tube, D, in'such manner, as shown, that all the supply-air or air-currents entering at the perforated base of the lamp and ascending within the tube D must pass through the apertures of said device C,and, escaping thence,act upon the inner wall or surface of the tubular flame of the burner. On top of this perforated thimble C is located a spreader orbutton, c, which may be'rigidly secured tothe upper end of G, as shown, and that performs the well-known function of spreading the tubular flame at a-levelslightly above that at which theflame starts out from the upper end of the wick G. This air-distributer O ispreferably madefrustuminal in shape,-(see'Figs. 2 'and4,) and it is essential that the'holes therein be made of considerably greater capacity at the vicinity of the lower portion of the distributer than near the upper part, inorder that a more ample supply of air be afforded to the lower portion and more stable portion of the tubular flame than to the upper and weaker portion of the latter. In other words, it is important in the construction of thisair-dis.

tributer (no matter whatits exact contour or shape/in vertical section may be) to make it capable, either by a variation in'the sizes of its'ape'rtures or in the'number of them at the lower'part'as compared with those at the up- "per portion, of supplying jets of air of more volume to the lower portion of the inner wall of the'flame than to the upper portion of the latter. In the case shown the-device O, with itsspreader c, is held in place in exactly the proper relationship to the upper-end of the "burner proper by means of a seriesof elastic 'or-spring-like catches, I, at the base of the perforated thimble, engaging with the inwardly-projecting circumferential bead N of the innerwick-tube; but-some other means might of course be employed to effect the return in place of said thimb'le, it being essentialonly that it'be securely held in place against any'accidental displacement or movement in any direction, and be at the "same timereadily removable by design.

It will be understood'that'by the use of the 'foraminous distributer 0, arranged and operating substantially as herein shown 'and de scribed, numerous air-jets are projected laterally against-the inner wallof the tubular flame,'besides the ampleascending and tubular air-current which naturally rises nearly coincident with and in impingement against the inner wall of the inner wick-tube, D, from a point or level nearly coincident with the external base portion of the distributer O; and it will be seen that by constructing the distributer C in the manner described, so that air-jets of greater volume and force will escape at and near to the lower portion or root of the flame, a greater degree of perfection of combustion is attained with more steadiness in the flame, and that consequently the illuminating capacity of the burner is improved. The tendency of the laterally escaping or projected currents from the upper portion of the distributer (see the arrows at Fig. 2) is to promote perfect combustion at the locality of the upper inner portion of the tubular flame, especially where it is spread by the'peripheryof the button or disk c,'and by this intensifying theheat at this locality'not only'is the flame rendered more luminous, but the metallic spreader cismade to assist ratherthan to retard-the illuminative capacity of the flame itself.

By-th e use of the adjustable or registerlike wind-guard or air-distributer for supplying air to the interior of the chimney and the exterior of'the flame this supply'of' air to the burner may be perfectly regulated or varied,

accordingto all the surrounding circumstances and variable conditions under which the flame may be created. The capacity of this perforated wind-guard or foraminous air-regulator should be such, of course,'that when the holes of the inner movablecylinder, on, are ingperfect register with those ofthe outer stationary cylinder, '6, a superabundance of air will be supplied to the outer'wallof the tubular flame, so thatunder any changed conditions or circumstancess'hould the supply'of air to the exterior of the'flame-appear to more than counterbalance or properly comport with the supply to the interior of the flame, the exterior supply maybe reduced to any'desired extent by simply taking'hold-of the hand-piece K and slightly turning or adjusting the movable device m. By these means and in the manner referred to, just the proper relationship between the quantity of air supplied to'the exterior of the flame and the supply-currentsto the interior ofthe flame may be established and maintained under vario'usconditions with reference to the character'of the wick'and the oil-supply and other conditions and circumstances surrounding-theuse of the burner.

'If deemed expedient, a register-like or adjustable devi'cemay be employed in connec tion with the perforated base of the lamp similar in construction and mode of operation to the adjustable distributer used for the supply to the outsideof the flame, for'the pur pose 'of varying, as circumstances may ore= quire, thequantity of airadmitted'to the interior of the tube D, and, secondly," the amount of air supplied to the inner wallof the tubu lar flame.

Of course the main advantages of my novel construction of lamp maybe attained Whether the form of the distributer G be that shown or some other; but under any modification as to form the shape should be such as to permit a free and ample egress of air through the perforated distributer C at the vicinity of its base or lower portion, so that not only will the upper portion of the inner wick-tube be kept at the proper or desirable temperature, but also so that an ascending tubular supply of air, so to speak, will be supplied to the root of the flame, which column of air, as before mentioned, is supplemented or augmented from the point where the oxygen is all consumed by the process of combustion by the finely and laterally projected jets of air, which are supplied from the upper portion of the perforated thimble O.

The button or spreader 0 might of course be adj ustably combined With the upper end of the thimble O, or it might be supported ind ependently of said thimble without changing in any material Way the principle of construction and mode of operation of the group of devices shown and described, so long as said button or spreader occupies the proper relationship to the upper end of the burner and properly performs its function of deflecting the flame, and also preventing the escape upwardly of the jets of air which are laterally projected from the extreme upper portion of the perforated thimble O.

Having now so fully explained the construction and operation of my improved lamp as to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice my invention, and wishing it to be understood that whatever novel features may be contained in the wick-raising mechanism of my lamp are not claimed in this application, because it is contemplated to make claims thereon in a separate or divisional application, what I claim-in this case as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patcut, is i 1. In combination with the usual inner and outer wick-tubes of an Argand-burner lamp and a suitable Wind-guard or air-distributer for supplying the outerdraft, the non-adjustable but removable perforated air-distributer, (for supplying the inner draft to the tubular flame,) and means which operate to hold said air-distributer and the inner wick-tube in a given relative position against casual misplacement, all substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

2. In combination with the inner and outer wick-tubes of an Argand burner and suitable means for supplying air to the outside tubularflame,'aremovable perforated air-distributer having its lower portion arranged interiorly of the upper portion of theinner wicktube, an annular seat or support, N, formed in said inner wick-tube, and spring-catches at the base of said perforated air-distributer, which engage with said annular seat N, all in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

3. The combination, with the inner and outer Wick-tubes of an Argand burner and a suitable air-distributer for supplying the outer draft to the flame, of a removable perforated air-distributer for supplying the inner draft, having its perforations graduated either as to size or as to number, so as to supply the air in greater volume at the vicinity of its base than at the vicinity of its upper portion, substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of April, 1888.

DEXTER W. PARKER.

In presence of- RALPH A. PALMER, WILLIAM T. RIGHTMYER. 

